Richard Stallman (RMS) gab gestern vor 37 Jahren seinen Gesamtplan zur Schaffung eines freien Unix Betriebssystems namens GNU bekannt. "Ich werde ein komplettes Unix-kompatibles Softwaresystem namens GNU (für Gnu's Not Unix) schreiben und es an jeden verschenken, der es benutzen kann". Das Ergebnis seiner Arbeit ist die Familie der Betriebssysteme, die wir heute GNU/Linux nennen, oder, in den meisten Fällen, einfach nur Linux.
RMS schaffte es, die meisten Komponenten zu schreiben, die für die Schaffung eines völlig freien Betriebssystems erforderlich sind. Stallman beschloss, mit grossen Projekten wie dem GNU C-Compiler (GCC) zu beginnen und den Systemkern zu erstellen, sobald die grossen Bausteine vorhanden waren. Eine Schlüsselkomponente fehlte in den frühen 1990er Jahren: ein funktionsfähiger Kernel.
Ein junger Mann aus Finnland teilte manche der Träume von Richard Stallman: Linus Torvalds hat seine eigene Vorstellung von einem Unix-ähnlichen Betriebssystem. Er schrieb den FREAX-Kernel, der schnell in Linux umbenannt wurde, und veröffentlichte 1991 die Version 0.01 unter einer freien Lizenz.
Die Kombination von Linus Torvalds Linux-Kernel und der riesigen Menge an GNU User-Land-Tools wurde sehr populär. Nicht populär genug, um Microsoft den Markt streitig zu machen, das bis heute mit seinem proprietären Windows-Betriebssystem einen mehrheitlichen Marktanteil auf dem Desktop hat, aber es hatte an sich schon viel Erfolg: Alle Betriebssysteme, die wir als "Linux-Distributionen" kennen, wie z.B. Deepin, Linux Mint, Manjaro Linux, Gentoo Linux und Ubuntu sind allesamt Kombinationen aus dem Linux-Kernel und dem GNU-User-Land.
Hier nun die E-Mail, mit der Richard Stallman das GNU Projekt vor 37 Jahren angekündigt hat:
From CSvax:pur-ee:inuxc!ixn5c!ihnp4!houxm!mhuxi!eagle!mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ From: RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft Subject: new Unix implementation Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA Free Unix! Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and give it away free(1) to everyone who can use it. Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy documentation. GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, far superior to UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP. Who Am I? I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for Lisp machines. Why I Must Write GNU I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement. So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free. How You Can Contribute I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work. One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated cooling or power. Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the independently-written parts would not work together. But for the particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with the rest of GNU. If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or part time. The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way. For more information, contact me. Arpanet mail: RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA Usenet: ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ US Snail: Richard Stallman 166 Prospect St Cambridge, MA 02139
Quelle: https://linuxreviews.org/The_GNU_Operating_System_Turns_37
Bildnachweis: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU#/media/Datei:Official_gnu.svg
